Phonics

=Phonics. =

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Phonics is one of the many tools that are used to help identify unfamiliar words by children. Phonics is needed as a base for children to begin to read and write but is not all that is needed to make the child competent in reading and writing. Phonics is made up of a few different components including letter identification, onset and rime, blends and diagraphs. Structural analysis looks into syllabification which includes compound words, prefixes, suffixes and base words. These components are outlined in the table below. ======

Figure 10.4 The Component of Phonics, (Hill, 2006, page 212,)
|| Recognise, say and write the names and the common sounds of the letters of the alphabet. (s a t m p) (c i g o d) (f l u b r) (w e n h v) (k y z j x) a) lower case letters b) upper case letters || || Recognise onsets and rimes or word families 3-letter words in a consonant-vowel-consonant pattern, e.g. p-e-t, c-a-n ab ad ag am an ap at ed eg en et ib id ig im in ip it ix ob od og op ot ub ud ug um un up us ut  || || 2-letter initial consonant blends bl br cl cr dr fl fr gl gr pl lr sc sk sl sm sn sp st tr tw || || 2-letter final consonant blends ft ld lk lp lt mp nd ng nk nt py ry sk sp st ty || || 3-letter initial consonant blends scr spl spr str squ || || Consonant digraphs Ck sh ch th ph wh (and qu ng) || || Vowel digraphs (ai a-e ay) (ee ea) (i-e ie y igh) (oe o-e o oa ow) (u-e oo ue) || || (ow ou) (oy oi) (or au aw) || || Air, ear, ure, (er, ir, ur), short oo and other combinations such as  1. could 2. tough 3. new 4. bought 5. caught 6. talk 7. laugh 8. fruit and the silent letters || || Syllabification – including compound words, prefixes, suffixes, base words. ||
 * ** STAGE 1 **
 * Letters of the alphabet **
 * ** STAGE 2 **
 * Onset and rime word families **
 * ** STAGE 3 **
 * Blends **
 * Phase 1 **
 * ** Phase 2 **
 * ** Phase 3 **
 * ** STAGE 4 **
 * Digraphs **
 * Phase 1 **
 * ** Phase 2 **
 * ** Phase 3 **
 * ** Phase 4 **
 * Other letter combinations **
 * ** STAGE 5 **
 * Structural analysis **

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